[Arch Linux, systemd] Very loud beep never stops

[igorzwx]

After reboot and once logged in into my distro, few minutes later when oss service is started, the loud beep starts and then immediately stops so not working this solution.

If I execute the command:

Code: Select all

$ lsmod | grep pcspkr

nothing is output (pcspkr module is not loaded)

If you unmute that switch, beep starts, or not?

Below I explain you what happens when this switch is muted (1) and when it is unmuted (2) - pcspkr is removed in both scenarios - :
1) Now this switch is muted, but anyway, once oss service is started, as I stated in a previous post, and then beep starts, but as immediately the mixer.save file is read on oss service started, the beep stops as in mixer.save it is set to mute.

2) If this switch is unmuted, on oss service started, immediately beep starts but it does not stop never, as in mixer.save this is set to unmute.

Anyway, I have been thinking about removing pcspkr in this way and it is not a good solution since on every kernel update, new kernel comes with this compressed gzip module and it is needed to manualy remove it every time kernel is updated. I know kernel updates are not done every day or even week, but it requires to manualy remove it from kernel.

2) If this switch is unmuted, on oss service started, immediately beep starts but it does not stop never, as in mixer.save this is set to unmute.

beep can be produced by pcspkr

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$ lsmod | grep pcspkr

because pcspkr can be loaded from /boot/initramfs-linux.img

On my Arch Linux, /boot/initramfs-linux.img does contain ALSA modules (soundcore.ko, snd*), although they have been "physically deleted" from my Arch system by "soundon":

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$ cd ~/Desktop/Work/EXP/initramfs-linux_FILES/usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel
$ ls | grep snd
snd.ko
snd-rawmidi.ko
snd-seq-device.ko
$ ls | grep soundcore
soundcore.ko

You can copy /boot/initramfs-linux.img somewhere to an empty folder, rename it to initramfs-linux.cpio.gz, unzip it, and investigate its content.

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$ gzip -cd initramfs-linux.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv
.
./VERSION
./buildconfig
./config
./keymap.bin
./keymap.utf8
./hooks
./hooks/keymap
./hooks/udev
./init
./init_functions
./sbin
./bin
./lib
./usr
./usr/sbin
./usr/bin
./usr/bin/fsck
./usr/bin/fsck.ext3
./usr/bin/fsck.ext2
./usr/bin/fsck.ext4
./usr/bin/udevadm
./usr/bin/udevd
./usr/bin/switch_root
./usr/bin/mount
./usr/bin/blkid
./usr/bin/modinfo
./usr/bin/modprobe
./usr/bin/lsmod
./usr/bin/rmmod
./usr/bin/insmod
./usr/bin/depmod
./usr/bin/kmod
./usr/bin/yes
./usr/bin/wget
./usr/bin/wc
./usr/bin/vi
./usr/bin/uptime
./usr/bin/uniq
./usr/bin/uname
./usr/bin/umount
./usr/bin/true
./usr/bin/touch
./usr/bin/tftp
./usr/bin/test
./usr/bin/telnet
./usr/bin/tail
./usr/bin/tac
./usr/bin/strings
./usr/bin/stat
./usr/bin/sort
./usr/bin/sleep
./usr/bin/sha512sum
./usr/bin/sha256sum
./usr/bin/sha1sum
./usr/bin/sh
./usr/bin/setfont
./usr/bin/seq
./usr/bin/sed
./usr/bin/route
./usr/bin/rmdir
./usr/bin/rm
./usr/bin/reboot
./usr/bin/readlink
./usr/bin/pwd
./usr/bin/ps
./usr/bin/printf
./usr/bin/poweroff
./usr/bin/ping6
./usr/bin/ping
./usr/bin/pidof
./usr/bin/pgrep
./usr/bin/openvt
./usr/bin/nslookup
./usr/bin/netstat
./usr/bin/nc
./usr/bin/mv
./usr/bin/mktemp
./usr/bin/mknod
./usr/bin/mkfifo
./usr/bin/mkdir
./usr/bin/md5sum
./usr/bin/ls
./usr/bin/losetup
./usr/bin/loadkmap
./usr/bin/loadfont
./usr/bin/ln
./usr/bin/less
./usr/bin/killall
./usr/bin/kill
./usr/bin/kbd_mode
./usr/bin/iptunnel
./usr/bin/iprule
./usr/bin/iproute
./usr/bin/iplink
./usr/bin/ipaddr
./usr/bin/ip
./usr/bin/install
./usr/bin/init
./usr/bin/ifconfig
./usr/bin/hexdump
./usr/bin/head
./usr/bin/halt
./usr/bin/grep
./usr/bin/getopt
./usr/bin/free
./usr/bin/false
./usr/bin/expr
./usr/bin/env
./usr/bin/egrep
./usr/bin/echo
./usr/bin/du
./usr/bin/dmesg
./usr/bin/dirname
./usr/bin/df
./usr/bin/dd
./usr/bin/cut
./usr/bin/cttyhack
./usr/bin/cp
./usr/bin/clear
./usr/bin/chroot
./usr/bin/chown
./usr/bin/chmod
./usr/bin/chgrp
./usr/bin/cat
./usr/bin/basename
./usr/bin/awk
./usr/bin/ash
./usr/bin/[[
./usr/bin/[
./usr/bin/busybox
./usr/lib
./usr/lib/libe2p.so.2.3
./usr/lib/libe2p.so.2
./usr/lib/libcom_err.so.2.1
./usr/lib/libcom_err.so.2
./usr/lib/libext2fs.so.2.4
./usr/lib/libext2fs.so.2
./usr/lib/udev
./usr/lib/udev/scsi_id
./usr/lib/udev/ata_id
./usr/lib/udev/rules.d
./usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-drivers.rules
./usr/lib/udev/rules.d/64-btrfs.rules
./usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage.rules
./usr/lib/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules
./usr/lib/libpthread-2.16.so
./usr/lib/libpthread.so.0
./usr/lib/libattr.so.1.1.0
./usr/lib/libattr.so.1
./usr/lib/librt-2.16.so
./usr/lib/librt.so.1
./usr/lib/libacl.so.1.1.0
./usr/lib/libacl.so.1
./usr/lib/modprobe.d
./usr/lib/modprobe.d/usb-load-ehci-first.conf
./usr/lib/libmount.so.1.1.0
./usr/lib/libmount.so.1
./usr/lib/libuuid.so.1.3.0
./usr/lib/libuuid.so.1
./usr/lib/libblkid.so.1.1.0
./usr/lib/libblkid.so.1
./usr/lib/libz.so.1.2.7
./usr/lib/libz.so.1
./usr/lib/libkmod.so.2.2.0
./usr/lib/libkmod.so.2
./usr/lib/ld-2.16.so
./usr/lib/ld-linux.so.2
./usr/lib/libc-2.16.so
./usr/lib/libc.so.6
./usr/lib/modules
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/modules.devname
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/modules.builtin.bin
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/modules.symbols.bin
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/modules.alias.bin
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/modules.dep.bin
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/ata_generic.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/libata.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/pata_acpi.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/pata_sis.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/floppy.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/cdrom.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-a4tech.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-apple.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-aureal.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-axff.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-belkin.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-cherry.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-chicony.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-cypress.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-dr.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-elecom.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-emsff.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-ezkey.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-gaff.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-generic.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-gyration.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-holtekff.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-holtek-kbd.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-hyperv.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-kensington.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-keytouch.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-kye.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-lcpower.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-lenovo-tpkbd.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-logitech-dj.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-logitech.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-magicmouse.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-microsoft.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-monterey.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-multitouch.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-ntrig.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-ortek.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-petalynx.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-picolcd.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-pl.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-primax.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-prodikeys.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-roccat-arvo.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-roccat-common.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-roccat-isku.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-roccat.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-roccat-kone.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-roccat-koneplus.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-roccat-kovaplus.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-roccat-pyra.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-roccat-savu.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-saitek.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-samsung.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-sjoy.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-sony.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-speedlink.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-sunplus.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-tivo.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-tmff.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-topseed.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-twinhan.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-uclogic.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-wacom.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-waltop.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-wiimote.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-zpff.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hid-zydacron.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/usbhid.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/hv_vmbus.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/ff-memless.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/scsi_mod.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/sd_mod.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/sr_mod.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/usbcore.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/ehci-hcd.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/ohci-hcd.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/usb-storage.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/usb-common.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/lcd.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/fb_sys_fops.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/syscopyarea.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/sysfillrect.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/sysimgblt.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/ext4.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/jbd2.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/mbcache.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/crc16.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/snd-seq-device.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/snd.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/snd-rawmidi.ko
./usr/lib/modules/3.6.6-1-ARCH/kernel/soundcore.ko
./usr/local
./usr/local/sbin
./usr/local/bin
./usr/local/lib
./etc
./etc/udev
./etc/udev/udev.conf
./etc/initrd-release
./etc/fstab
./etc/mtab
./tmp
./run
./dev
./sys
./proc
./new_root
14510 blocks


In any case, if it is unclear, which crap is producing beep, it might be difficult to disable it.
OSS4 cannot produce regular beep, it can produce irregular noise, if a driver is buggy.

If you do not know the cause of a disease is does not make sense to cure it.
A wrong cure is likely to cause new problems.

We have to sort it out, because we may soon have the same problem:

[Arch Linux, Systemd, ALSA] Disable pesky warning beep
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1148026

2012-08-17 22:29:22
So. After the devs decided that they'd move to systemd, I dove in and installed systemd on my laptop. Configuration is nearly done, but one thing keeps bugging me: that annoying system beep. I thought pcspkr had gotten loaded somehow, but lsmod says it's not. Yet I get tons of those annoying beeps (e.g. if Firefox wants me to know that some word I'm searching for on a web page is not there).
So how do I turn this off with systemd?
I feel like I'm back running on a Pentium, somehow. Cue Weird Al Yankovich.

2012-10-14 10:47:30
Gone are the days of blacklisting pcspkr I guess
On my laptop, in multi-user not graphical I still get a loud as hell beep.

If pcspkr is in initramfs-linux.img, it should be possible to delete it https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Initramfs
If it is hidden in another "secret store of trojans and rootkits", it can be cleaned.
If that loud as hell beep is produced by something else, it should be possible to disable it.

There is, for example, a special Linux trojan, which can produce loud as hell beep, even if "no sound card and/or speakers are available" https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beep It is said to be very advanced.

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$ apt-cache show beep
Description-en: advanced pc-speaker beeper
beep does what you'd expect: it beeps.

"loud as hell beep" can also be produced by systemd through the help of ALSA, or OSS4, or pc-speaker.
It is most probable. Otherwise, this problem would already be solved on Arch Linux forum.

[rrodriguez1975]

I have not installed the beep program.

Below the output for: pacman -Ss beep

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extra/beep 1.3-2
    Advanced PC speaker beeping program
community/bmp-wma 0.1.1-4 (bmp-plugins bmp-io-plugins)
    WMA plugin for Beep Media Player


[igorzwx]

I have not installed the beep program.

Below the output for: pacman -Ss beep

Code: Select all

extra/beep 1.3-2
    Advanced PC speaker beeping program
community/bmp-wma 0.1.1-4 (bmp-plugins bmp-io-plugins)
    WMA plugin for Beep Media Player


1. If you do not answer to simple questions, such as "content of a file", output of "lsmod | grep pcspkr", etc., you do not need to expect that somebody may try to help you.

2. If you are going to spam this forum, you should not think that it might be tolerated.

[rrodriguez1975]

1.-I think I have answered almost all your questions. Maybe not all because the problem is when posting a lot of information that are not pointing to the right direction. The solution is to restrict the area to detect the source of the problem efficiently. Pointing in different directions is not the solution and as a result of it people sometimes get confused. There are some of your post that I think they are not quite good. For example, you cannot say copy image file, rename it and extract it and investigate. Ok, no problem I can do it, but this is not the solution. Or even, remove pcspkr.ko from your system, as it is not a good practice. As you should know removing such files is not the solution because on kernels upgrades those type of changes are lost and the issue appears again. Neither moving to mate or mint is the solution. I understand you are very happy with mint and maybe for you is the best as for mate but everyone has its own likes. I have checked many distros, starting from redhat, through suse, mandrake, ubuntu, fedora and some others, but finally I am very comfortable with arch and gnome3. Maybe you have not this issue because mint is using previous kernel versions and not the last ones (3.8.8, 3.8.10, 3.9), maybe you will be having these issues when mint move to them. I am sure I am not the only one with this kind of problem.

2.-I am not going to spam this forum, I only post my experiences with oss and I think oss developers should be responsible and provide an effective solution. the solution is not to blame others like arch. I think when a developer builds and application, he/she is the responsible to ensure fully integration (if possible) with the rest of components as this is just what user wants because if not, user gets tired and finally tends to use other alternatives.

Anyway I HIGHLY appreciate your great effort, support and help trying to investigate the source of the problem but you could be more polite with people. I think I have respected you all this time. You are not required to respond if you do no want There is an important thing in this life you should know and it is: RESPECT. If you do not respect people, do no expect people respect you.

And the most important, I think moderators in this forum should not tolerate people that do not respect others because RESPECT is the most important.

[igorzwx]

RESPECT is the most important.

Yes. It is true.

[igorzwx]

Well, the diff is specifically targeted for his codec, and it is supposed to selectively mutes that particular jack on init, so no 'general feature' here (If I understand him correctly, he has _both_ a systemd/pcspkr problem and an unmuted input on init problem. The diff is for the second).

Do you mean "Beep generator" switch in OSS4 Mixer?

http://manuals.opensound.com/sources/hd ... dec.c.html
Codec handling for Intel High Definition Audio (HDA/Azalia).
This file is part of Open Sound System.

Code: Select all

#include "oss_hdaudio_cfg.h"
#include "hdaudio.h"
#include "hdaudio_codec.h"
#include "hdaudio_codecids.h"

extern int hdaudio_snoopy;
extern int hdaudio_jacksense;
extern int hdaudio_noskip;

...

attach_node (hdaudio_mixer_t * mixer, int cad, int wid, int parent)
{
  static const char *widget_types[16] = {
    "Audio output",
    "Audio input",
    "Audio mixer",
    "Audio selector",
    "Pin complex",
    "Power widget",
    "Volume knob",
    "Beep generator",
    "Reserved8",
    "Reserved9",
    "ReservedA",
    "ReservedB",
    "ReservedC",
    "ReservedD",
    "ReservedE",
    "Vendor defined audio"
  };

  static const char *widget_id[16] = {
    "pcm",
    "rec",
    "mix",
    "select",
    "jack",
    "power",
    "vol",
    "beep",
    "unkn",
    "unkn",
    "unkn",
    "unkn",
    "unkn",
    "unkn",
    "unkn",
    "vendor"
  };


http://manuals.opensound.com/developer/ ... let.c.html
[OSS4] mixer_applet.c
1) How to find the default mixer device that controls the primary sound card/device in the system. This device is connected to the primary (desktop) speakers and the default system sounds/beep are directed to it. Normally this device is the audio chip installed on the motherboard of the computer.

ALSA also supports the so-called "Beep Generator Widget" of Intel HDA codec:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+sour ... +bug/33719

Code: Select all

Node 0x16 [Beep Generator Widget] wcaps 0x70000c: Mono Amp-Out
  Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x03, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x17, mute=0
  Amp-Out vals: [0x00]
Node 0x17 [Volume Knob Widget] wcaps 0x600000: Mono
Node 0x18 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x40201: Stereo Digital

[qtroll]

That's really an issue with Systemd and IMO makes it an unfortunate decision for Arch. :/ Which is actually sad because I do like the some ideas of systemd.

I wonder, what are the some ideas of systemd that cannot be implemented with upstart.

[igorzwx]

I wonder, what are the some ideas of systemd that cannot be implemented with upstart.

It is off-topic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off_topic
Although, of course, it is a valid question.
You may find some info here:
[video] Beyond init: systemd
http://blip.tv/linuxconfau/beyond-init-systemd-4715015
See also: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=n ... px=MTMyMDE

The problem is that the "source code" of OSS4 does contain "Beep generator", but it unclear how to disable it.
See:
http://manuals.opensound.com/sources/hd ... dec.c.html
http://manuals.opensound.com/developer/ ... let.c.html
viewtopic.php?f=3&t=5225

To summarize, "loud as hell beep" can be produced by:
1. oss_hdaudio
2. pcspkr
3. snd_hda_intel

See: viewtopic.php?f=3&t=5225

"loud as hell beep" can also be produced by Gnome3, systemd, GTK, PulseAudio, canberra-gtk-play
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pu ... pa%C3%B1ol)#X11_bell
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Di ... eep#GTK.2B

Code: Select all

$ canberra-gtk-play
The program 'canberra-gtk-play' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install gnome-session-canberra

The audio terrorist is here: /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/suspend-error.oga

Code: Select all

$ dpkg --search /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/suspend-error.oga
sound-theme-freedesktop: /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/suspend-error.oga

See: ubuntu 11.10 bash beep script http://andrewdevnotes.blogspot.de/2012/ ... cript.html

freedesktop.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedesktop.org

PulseAudio, libcanberra, and systemd were created by Lennart Poettering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Poettering

WARNING: Linux is dangerous for health, it can make you deaf.